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Filename : UriTemplate.php
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<?php
/*
 * Copyright 2013 Google Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

namespace Google\Utils;

/**
 * Implementation of levels 1-3 of the URI Template spec.
 * @see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6570
 */
class UriTemplate
{
    const TYPE_MAP = "1";
    const TYPE_LIST = "2";
    const TYPE_SCALAR = "4";

    /**
     * @var array $operators
     * These are valid at the start of a template block to
     * modify the way in which the variables inside are
     * processed.
     */
    private $operators = [
        "+" => "reserved",
        "/" => "segments",
        "." => "dotprefix",
        "#" => "fragment",
        ";" => "semicolon",
        "?" => "form",
        "&" => "continuation"
    ];

    /**
     * @var array<string>
     * These are the characters which should not be URL encoded in reserved
     * strings.
     */
    private $reserved = [
        "=", ",", "!", "@", "|", ":", "/", "?", "#",
        "[", "]", '$', "&", "'", "(", ")", "*", "+", ";"
    ];
    private $reservedEncoded = [
        "%3D", "%2C", "%21", "%40", "%7C", "%3A", "%2F", "%3F",
        "%23", "%5B", "%5D", "%24", "%26", "%27", "%28", "%29",
        "%2A", "%2B", "%3B"
    ];

    public function parse($string, array $parameters)
    {
        return $this->resolveNextSection($string, $parameters);
    }

    /**
     * This function finds the first matching {...} block and
     * executes the replacement. It then calls itself to find
     * subsequent blocks, if any.
     */
    private function resolveNextSection($string, $parameters)
    {
        $start = strpos($string, "{");
        if ($start === false) {
            return $string;
        }
        $end = strpos($string, "}");
        if ($end === false) {
            return $string;
        }
        $string = $this->replace($string, $start, $end, $parameters);
        return $this->resolveNextSection($string, $parameters);
    }

    private function replace($string, $start, $end, $parameters)
    {
        // We know a data block will have {} round it, so we can strip that.
        $data = substr($string, $start + 1, $end - $start - 1);

        // If the first character is one of the reserved operators, it effects
        // the processing of the stream.
        if (isset($this->operators[$data[0]])) {
            $op = $this->operators[$data[0]];
            $data = substr($data, 1);
            $prefix = "";
            $prefix_on_missing = false;

            switch ($op) {
                case "reserved":
                    // Reserved means certain characters should not be URL encoded
                    $data = $this->replaceVars($data, $parameters, ",", null, true);
                    break;
                case "fragment":
                    // Comma separated with fragment prefix. Bare values only.
                    $prefix = "#";
                    $prefix_on_missing = true;
                    $data = $this->replaceVars($data, $parameters, ",", null, true);
                    break;
                case "segments":
                    // Slash separated data. Bare values only.
                    $prefix = "/";
                    $data =$this->replaceVars($data, $parameters, "/");
                    break;
                case "dotprefix":
                    // Dot separated data. Bare values only.
                    $prefix = ".";
                    $prefix_on_missing = true;
                    $data = $this->replaceVars($data, $parameters, ".");
                    break;
                case "semicolon":
                    // Semicolon prefixed and separated. Uses the key name
                    $prefix = ";";
                    $data = $this->replaceVars($data, $parameters, ";", "=", false, true, false);
                    break;
                case "form":
                    // Standard URL format. Uses the key name
                    $prefix = "?";
                    $data = $this->replaceVars($data, $parameters, "&", "=");
                    break;
                case "continuation":
                    // Standard URL, but with leading ampersand. Uses key name.
                    $prefix = "&";
                    $data = $this->replaceVars($data, $parameters, "&", "=");
                    break;
            }

            // Add the initial prefix character if data is valid.
            if ($data || ($data !== false && $prefix_on_missing)) {
                $data = $prefix . $data;
            }
        } else {
            // If no operator we replace with the defaults.
            $data = $this->replaceVars($data, $parameters);
        }
        // This is chops out the {...} and replaces with the new section.
        return substr($string, 0, $start) . $data . substr($string, $end + 1);
    }

    private function replaceVars(
        $section,
        $parameters,
        $sep = ",",
        $combine = null,
        $reserved = false,
        $tag_empty = false,
        $combine_on_empty = true
    ) {
        if (strpos($section, ",") === false) {
            // If we only have a single value, we can immediately process.
            return $this->combine(
                $section,
                $parameters,
                $sep,
                $combine,
                $reserved,
                $tag_empty,
                $combine_on_empty
            );
        } else {
            // If we have multiple values, we need to split and loop over them.
            // Each is treated individually, then glued together with the
            // separator character.
            $vars = explode(",", $section);
            return $this->combineList(
                $vars,
                $sep,
                $parameters,
                $combine,
                $reserved,
                false, // Never emit empty strings in multi-param replacements
                $combine_on_empty
            );
        }
    }

    public function combine(
        $key,
        $parameters,
        $sep,
        $combine,
        $reserved,
        $tag_empty,
        $combine_on_empty
    ) {
        $length = false;
        $explode = false;
        $skip_final_combine = false;
        $value = false;

        // Check for length restriction.
        if (strpos($key, ":") !== false) {
            list($key, $length) = explode(":", $key);
        }

        // Check for explode parameter.
        if ($key[strlen($key) - 1] == "*") {
            $explode = true;
            $key = substr($key, 0, -1);
            $skip_final_combine = true;
        }

        // Define the list separator.
        $list_sep = $explode ? $sep : ",";

        if (isset($parameters[$key])) {
            $data_type = $this->getDataType($parameters[$key]);
            switch ($data_type) {
                case self::TYPE_SCALAR:
                    $value = $this->getValue($parameters[$key], $length);
                    break;
                case self::TYPE_LIST:
                    $values = [];
                    foreach ($parameters[$key] as $pkey => $pvalue) {
                        $pvalue = $this->getValue($pvalue, $length);
                        if ($combine && $explode) {
                            $values[$pkey] = $key . $combine . $pvalue;
                        } else {
                            $values[$pkey] = $pvalue;
                        }
                    }
                    $value = implode($list_sep, $values);
                    if ($value == '') {
                        return '';
                    }
                    break;
                case self::TYPE_MAP:
                    $values = [];
                    foreach ($parameters[$key] as $pkey => $pvalue) {
                        $pvalue = $this->getValue($pvalue, $length);
                        if ($explode) {
                            $pkey = $this->getValue($pkey, $length);
                            $values[] = $pkey . "=" . $pvalue; // Explode triggers = combine.
                        } else {
                            $values[] = $pkey;
                            $values[] = $pvalue;
                        }
                    }
                    $value = implode($list_sep, $values);
                    if ($value == '') {
                        return false;
                    }
                    break;
            }
        } elseif ($tag_empty) {
            // If we are just indicating empty values with their key name, return that.
            return $key;
        } else {
            // Otherwise we can skip this variable due to not being defined.
            return false;
        }

        if ($reserved) {
            $value = str_replace($this->reservedEncoded, $this->reserved, $value);
        }

        // If we do not need to include the key name, we just return the raw
        // value.
        if (!$combine || $skip_final_combine) {
            return $value;
        }

        // Else we combine the key name: foo=bar, if value is not the empty string.
        return $key . ($value != '' || $combine_on_empty ? $combine . $value : '');
    }

    /**
     * Return the type of a passed in value
     */
    private function getDataType($data)
    {
        if (is_array($data)) {
            reset($data);
            if (key($data) !== 0) {
                return self::TYPE_MAP;
            }
            return self::TYPE_LIST;
        }
        return self::TYPE_SCALAR;
    }

    /**
     * Utility function that merges multiple combine calls
     * for multi-key templates.
     */
    private function combineList(
        $vars,
        $sep,
        $parameters,
        $combine,
        $reserved,
        $tag_empty,
        $combine_on_empty
    ) {
        $ret = [];
        foreach ($vars as $var) {
            $response = $this->combine(
                $var,
                $parameters,
                $sep,
                $combine,
                $reserved,
                $tag_empty,
                $combine_on_empty
            );
            if ($response === false) {
                continue;
            }
            $ret[] = $response;
        }
        return implode($sep, $ret);
    }

    /**
     * Utility function to encode and trim values
     */
    private function getValue($value, $length)
    {
        if ($length) {
            $value = substr($value, 0, $length);
        }
        $value = rawurlencode($value);
        return $value;
    }
}