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.. index:: single: Cookbook; Default Mock Expectations Default Mock Expectations ========================= Often in unit testing, we end up with sets of tests which use the same object dependency over and over again. Rather than mocking this class/object within every single unit test (requiring a mountain of duplicate code), we can instead define reusable default mocks within the test case's ``setup()`` method. This even works where unit tests use varying expectations on the same or similar mock object. How this works, is that you can define mocks with default expectations. Then, in a later unit test, you can add or fine-tune expectations for that specific test. Any expectation can be set as a default using the ``byDefault()`` declaration.